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Vibration of foundations study under an excitation from the rotating machine is one of the most important development in soil dynamics. While the theoretical basis has been firmly developed since the late 60s, many engineers still found that the foundation design of the vibrating machine is an elusive task.

In many construction projects at which the working space is limited, a vertical deep excavation is often the only viable option. Technically, SNI 8460:2017 classifies the deep excavation as an excavation with depth greater than 3.0 m. For maintaining soil stability, a combination of embedded wall, struts, ground anchor, etc., are commonly used together.

Undrained (A) and Undrained (B) are the recommended options for modeling the undrained behavior (applying effective stress analysis). Stiffness parameter inputs for Undrained (A) and Undrained (B) are in terms of effective stiffness; the bulk modulus of water is calculated accordingly. PLAXIS provides the SoilTest feature to test the soil model/parameters using commonly used laboratory test → This does NOT substitute the real laboratory test. Mohr-Coulomb model is certainly limited for capturing the real behavior of soil in undrained path → Advanced soil model should be considered (e.g. hardening soil).

The understanding of unsaturated soil mechanics principles is of interest to a wide spectrum of geotechnical problems associated with soils above water table and compacted soils. Unsaturated soil between ground surface and water table is the interface zone between soil and environment. The unsaturated zone plays an important role in determining the impact of climate change such as increasingly frequent rainfall of high intensity or prolonged drought on geotechnical structures.

In many construction projects at which the working space is limited, a vertical deep excavation is often the only viable option. Technically, SNI 8460:2017 classifies the deep excavation as an excavation with depth greater than 3.0 m. For maintaining soil stability, a combination of embedded wall, struts, ground anchor, etc., are commonly used together.